2024年12月英語四級語法入門知識必須具備：動詞

動詞

時態(tài)

1)目前完成進(jìn)行時態(tài): 動作或狀況從過去某時開始,繼續(xù)到目前,可能繼續(xù)下去,也會剛剛結(jié)束.

I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

I’ve been sitting in the garden.

2)過去完成進(jìn)行時: 過去某個時刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作

I’d been working for some time when he called.

We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)以后完成進(jìn)行時: 以后某個時刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作.

By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

4)以后完成時: 以后某時已發(fā)生的事.

I shall have finished this one before lunch.

They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

語態(tài)

可以有兩種被動結(jié)構(gòu)的種類,比如:

He was said to be jealous of her success.

It was said that he was jealous of her success.

能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞一般都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,容易見到的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時總是表示不一樣的意義.比如:

Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit.

雙賓語及賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)

雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài): 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.

He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài):

She was called Big Sister by everybody.

Then he was made a squad leader.

He was considered quite qualified for the job.

The room was always kept clean and tidy.

短語動詞

Vi + adv

The plane took off two hours late.

Vi + prep

They looked round the Cathedral.

Vi + prep